What is News?
Learning Objective:
- To explore the nature and ownership of the news industry.
- Entertain.
- Educate.
- Inform.
- Persuade.
- Profit.
1. 'News was not a spectator sport' - what does Stephens mean by this?
- It wasn't something you can watch, it was something passed around by people just taking.
2. What developments 150yrs ago made it possible for people to make a business selling news?
- Printing Press.
- Telegraph.
3. We can now access news anywhere, form our own ideas and opinions and even contribute ourselves. Stephens says this is "mostly a wonderful thing". Why? Do you agree?
- It's mostly a wonderful thing. It allows us to talk about things with people from the news storied we read. We can share our opinions with peers and we can't be influenced as easily. However, the news can not be as wonderful as it seems as it publishes fake and biased news.
Ownership:
- Newspapers are not PSB.
- Over three quarters of the British press is owned by a handful of billionaires. Over a quarter of the press is owned by Lord Rothermere.
In the UK: there are 3 ownership models:
1. 'Media Barons' - owned by wealthy individuals or proprietors e.g Rupert Murdoch
2. Trusts - A legal arrangement that transfers funds from the owner to a 'trustee' to manage and control the running of the paper. E.g Scott trust (GMG) The Guardian.
3. Cross- Media converged conglomerates - global institutions that own numerous media outlets. These may be owned by Media Barons e.g DMG and Lord Rothermere.
1. News is a way to inform educate and persuade people by reading new stories to express opinions on certain topics and to grab peoples attention as to whats going on in the world around them.
2.The disadvantages of news being a commercial industry is there are not external people looking over the newspaper before it gets published this means that commercially owned newspapers can publish whatever that want to some extent to make a profit.
3. Theres more competition and therefore the quality gets better.
4. biased and non accurate.
5. They have a lot of power to do what they want.
1. What is fake news?
- Fake news is news that is not real and that has been made up by someone for a reaction
2. How can you spot/check fake news?
- You can check who has published it see who they've quoted and check the facts
3. Why is there more fake news now than there ws 30 years ago?
- Theres been inventions of photoshop - where we can make images appear real.
4. 3 examples of fake news;
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Work from home
Work from home
Newspaper, ownership, funding and regulation
Tabloid - - The Sun, The Mirror, Daily Star.
- Softer news agendas, Less formal language , Dominated by headlines and images, Targeted a lower market, less educated audience, Offers news as entertainment
Broadcast -
- The guardian, Telegraph and Financial times.
- Harder news agents, Less formal language, dominated by headlines and images, targeted a lower market and less educated audience, offers news as entertainment.
- Daily mail and The Daily mirror
What are the main differences between a tabloid and a broadcast?
- A broadsheet newspaper features harsher news, like political to inform. Its aimed for a more educated audience with more formal language. A tabloid newspaper has softer and lighter news, like celebrity stories, aimed to entertain rather then educate. Aimed towards a less educated audience with informal language.
- A broadsheet newspaper features harsher news, like political to inform. Its aimed for a more educated audience with more formal language. A tabloid newspaper has softer and lighter news, like celebrity stories, aimed to entertain rather then educate. Aimed towards a less educated audience with informal language.
What category of newspaper was the observer in 1960?
- Broadsheet.
What category of newspaper is it now? and why?
- Broadsheet, has a smaller size in compact form. They're more popular as they're better and easier to read - also cheaper.
How do newspapers make money?
- Advertising.
- Circulation.
- Events and other sales.
- Sponsored Content.
- Paywalls and membership.
News international - Sun, times, Sunday times, Sun on Sunday - 34%
Daily Mail and
General Trust - Mail, Mail on Sunday - 24%
Reach PLC - Express, Express on Sunday, Star - 14%
- Mirror, Sunday mirror, Sunday People, - 11%
Daily record
Telegraph group - Daily Telegraph, Sunday Telegraph - 8%
Guardian Media G - Guardian, Observer - 3%
Nikkei - Financial Times - 1%
The Observer is owned by Guardian Media Group.
How does media ownership contribute to new bias?
- Commercial advertising ties.
- Political opinion of owner.
- Business interests of owners/friends.
- Profit.
Find out the political BIAS of the UK's national newspaper:
Right wing= Conservatives Left Wing= Labour
Centre= Liberal Democrats
The Guardian - Left centre biased.
The Mirror - Left centre biased.
The Independent - Left centre biased.
The Times - Right centre biased.
The Telegraph - Right biased.
The Sun - Right biased.
The Daily Express - Right biased.
The Daily Mail - Left biased.
What does the term 'free press' mean?
- not controlled or restricted by government censorship in political or ideological matters.
What does the press do to jeopardise freedom of the press that also lost them, a lot of credibility/ trust with the public?
- News Of The World hacked into the voicemails of a young murder victim in such a way that her parents thought she was still alive.
What was the government response?
- To create a regulatory body.
What self-regulatory body do most newspaper now use today?
-IPSO (Independent Press Standards Organisation)
What is the rival regulator called - who uses it?
- Impress - only a few local newspapers use it.
Why is it going to be harder to regulate social media than newspapers, radio and television?
- Social is a free press. It allows multiple sources from multiple countries to be accessed all over the world. There are many sites to allow anyone to publish anything.
Do you think social media should be regulated and why/why not?
- I think social media should be regulated. By social media being regulated it means the spread of fake news will decrease eg like the use of Facebook. It stops people making up stories, the spread of any images also. It could also lower risk of crime eg nudity.
If it was your job to devise a strategy/policy for social media regulation what it would be and how would you enforce it?
- By having rules and if you was unable to follow them - it leads to deleted accounts, images and statuses. By posting, every post to be certified by news companies to reassure they're appropriate to share.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Work from home:
The Sun- Mostly 16-45yrs old; more males; working class; mainly white; right-wing; mainstreamers.
The target audience for the sun are mostly working class people that can afford to buy the newspaper. The content of the sun are often stories based on bad news and usually about people in conflict. This may be with other people, governments, business and organisations.
The Guardian- Mostly 35+ yrs old; equal gender; upper middle class; educated and cultured; left wing; progressives. The target audience is people of middle and upper class which are the higher managerial, intermediate, administrative or professional.
Daily Mail- Mostly 45-65yrs old; more females then male; middle class; mainly white; right wing; traditionalists.
The Observer
Print Observer Target Audience
- Equally unisex.
- Upmarket readers, class AB and class ABC1.
- Mostly live in London and the South.
- Affluent and Progressives.
- Forward looking people.
- Keen to try new things.
- Art and culture lovers.
- Food and drink aficionados.
- Fashion and tech consumers.
- Well educated.
- Well travelled.
Online Observer Target Audience
- More males than females.
- One third of the audience is 15-34
- Two thirds are 35+
- Slightly downmarket from Print readers, social class ABC1
- One third on PCs and Two thirds on mobiles
These 2 different forms appeal to the target audience as the online version appeals to a younger target audience as its online. Stereotypically younger people reach and access online news - and older people read it physically.
You're missing a lot of notes - go back and look at lessons 2 & 3 and make notes
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